Take a simple arithmetic problem: what's left over when you divide 11 by 3? Theanswer is easy to compute: divide 11 by 3 and take the remainder: 2. But howwould you compute this in a programming language like C or C++? It's not hardto come up with a formula, but the language provides a built-in mechanism, themodulus operator
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('%'), that computes the remainder that results fromperforming integer division.The modulus operator is useful in a variety of circumstances. It is commonlyused to take a randomly generated number and reduce that number to a randomnumber on a smaller range, and it can also quickly tell you if one number is afactor of another.
If you wanted to know if a number was odd or even, you could use modulus toquickly tell you by asking for the remainder of the number when divided by 2.The key line is the one that performs the modulus operation: 'num % 2 0'.A number is even if and only if it is divisible by two, and a number isdivisible by another only if there is no remainder.
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How could you use modulus to write a program that checks if a number is prime?
